What Does Prndl Stand for in a Car
Unit 59- Part A
If a preposition ( in/for/about etc.) is followed by a verb, the verb ends in -ing:
| Are you interested I'm not very good Sue must be fed up What are the advantages Thanks very much How Why don't you go out Carol went to work | preposition in at with of for about instead of in spite of | verb (-ing) working learning studying. having inviting meeting sitting feeling | for us? languages. a car? |
You can also say 'instead of somebody doing something', 'fed up with people doing something' etc. :
• I'm fed up with people telling me what to do.
Unit 59- Part B
Note the use of the following prepositions + -ing:
before -ing and after -ing:
• Before going out, I phoned Sarah. (not Before to go out)
• What did you do after leaving school?
You can also say 'Before I went out …' and '… after you left school'.
by -ing (to say how something happens):
• The burglars got into the house by breaking a window and climbing in.
• You can improve your English by reading more.
• She made herself ill by not eating properly.
• Many accidents are caused by people driving too fast.
without -ing:
• We ran ten kilometres without stopping.
• It was a stupid thing to say. I said it without thinking.
• She needs to work without people disturbing her. (or … without being disturbed.)
• I have enough problems of my own without having to worry about yours.
Unit 59- Part C
To -ing (look forward to doing something etc.)
To is often part of the infinitive (to do / to see etc.):
• We decided to go out.
• Would you like to meet for lunch tomorrow?
But to is also a preposition (like in/for/about/from etc.). For example:
• We drove from London to Edinburgh.
• I prefer tea to coffee.
• Are you looking forward to the weekend?
If a preposition is followed by a verb, the verb ends in -ing:
in do i ng about meet ing without stopp ing (etc.)
So, when to is a preposition and it is followed by a verb, you must say to -ing:
• I prefer driving to travelling by train. (not to travel)
• Are you looking forward to going on holiday? (not looking forward to go)
Exercises
{slide=1 Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first.}
Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first.
{tooltip}Key.{end-link}2 applying for the job
3 remembering names
4 passing the exam
5 being late
6 eating at home, we went to a restaurant
7 having to queue or queuing
8 playing well{end-tooltip}
1 Why is it useful ro have a car?
What are the advantages of having car ?
2 I don't intend to apply for the job.
I have no intention of ________________.
3 Helen has a good memory for names.
Helen is good at ________________.
4 Mark won't pass the exam. He has no chance.
Mark has no chance of ________________.
5 Did you get into trouble because you were late?
Did you get into trouble for ________________?
6 We didn't eat at home. We went to a restaurant instead.
Instead of ________________.
7 We got into the exhibition. We didn't have to queue.
We got into the exhibition without ________________.
8 Our team played well, but we lost the game.
Our team lost the game despite ________________. {/slide} {slide=2 Complete the sentences using by -ing.} Complete the sentences using by -ing. Use the following (with the verb in the correct form):
{tooltip}Key.{end-link}2 by standing on a chair
3 by turning a key
4 by borrowing too much money
5 by driving too fast
6 by putting some pictures on the walls{end-tooltip}
{xtypo_rounded3}borrow too much money break a window drive too fast
put some pictures on the walls stand on a chair turn a key{/xtypo_rounded3}
1 The burglars got into the house by breaking a window .
2 I was able to reach the top shelf _________________________.
5 You start the engine of a car _________________________.
4 Kevin got himself into financial trouble _________________________.
5 You can put people's lives in danger _________________________.
6 We made the room look nicer _________________________. {/slide} {slide=3 Complete the sentences with a suitable word.} Complete the sentences with a suitable word. Use only one word each time.
{tooltip}Key.{end-link}2 paying/settling
3 going
4 using
5 going
6 being/travelling/sitting
7 asking/telling/consulting
8 doing/having
9 turning/going
10 taking{end-tooltip}
1 We ran ten kilometres without stopping .
2 He left the hotel without ______________ his bill.
3 It's a nice morning. How about ______________ for a walk?
4 We were able to translate the letter into English without ______________ a dictionary.
5 Before ______________ to bed, I like to have a hot drink.
6 It was a long journey. I was very tired after ______________ on a train for 36 hours.
7 I was annoyed because the decision was made without anybody ______________ me.
8 After ______________ the same job for ten-years, I felt I needed a change.
9 We lost our way because we went straight on instead of ______________ left.
10 I like these photographs you took. You're good at ______________ photographs. {/slide} {slide=4 For each situation, write a sentence with I'm (not) looking forward to.} For each situation, write a sentence with I'm (not) looking forward to.
{tooltip}Key.{end-link}2 I'm looking forward to seeing her/Diane.
3 I'm not looking forward to going to the dentist (tomorrow).
4 She's looking forward to leaving school (next summer).
5 I'm looking forward to playing tennis (tomorrow).{end-tooltip}
1 You are going on holiday next week. How do you feel?
I'm looking forward to going on holiday.
2 Diane is a good friend of yours and she is coming to visit you soon. So you will see her again soon. How do you feel?
I'm not ________________________________.
3 You are going to the dentist tomorrow. You don't enjoy going to the dentist. How do you feel?
I'm not ________________________________.
4 Carol is a student at school. She hates it, but she is leaving school next summer. How does she feel?
________________________________.
5 You've arranged to play tennis tomorrow. You like tennis a lot. How do you feel?
________________________________. {/slide}
What Does Prndl Stand for in a Car
Source: https://tiptopenglish.ru/unit-60-preposition-in-for-about-etc-ing/